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Good (economics)
In economics, a good is a material that satisfies human wants〔Quotation from Murray Milgate, () 2008, "goods and commodities, " ''The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics'', 2nd ed., preview (link ), in referencing an influential parallel definition of 'goods' by Alfred Marshall, 1891. ''Principles of Economics'', 2nd ed., Macmillan.〕 and provides utility, for example, to a consumer making a purchase. A common distinction is made between 'goods' that are tangible property (also called goods) and services, which are non-physical.〔Alan V. Deardorff, 2006. ''Terms Of Trade: Glossary of International Economics'', World Scientific. Online version: Deardorffs' Glossary of International Economics, ( "good" ) and ("service". )〕 Commodities may be used as a synonym for economic goods but often refer to marketable raw materials and primary products.〔Alan V. Deardorff, 2006, Deardorffs' Glossary of International Economics ("commodity". )〕
Although in economic theory all goods are considered tangible, in reality certain classes of goods, such as information, only take intangible forms. For example, among other goods an ''apple'' is a tangible object, while ''news'' belongs to an intangible class of goods and can be perceived only by means of an instrument such as print, broadcast or computer.
== Utility characteristics of goods ==
Goods may increase or decrease their utility directly or indirectly and may be described as having marginal utility. Some things are useful, but not scarce enough to have monetary value, such as the Earth's atmosphere, these are referred to as 'free goods'.
In economics, a bad is the opposite of a good. Ultimately, whether an object is a good or a bad depends on each individual consumer and therefore, it is important to realize that not all goods are good all the time and not all goods are goods to all people.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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